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1 crown cell
щелочной сухой элемент
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[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > crown cell
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2 crown cell
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > crown cell
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3 crown cell
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4 crown cell
1) Техника: щелочной сухой элемент2) Телекоммуникации: цинк-марганцевый сухой элемент типа "крона" -
5 crown cell
цинк-марганцевый сухой элемент типа "крона"English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > crown cell
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6 cell
1) клетка3) элемент7) эл. шайба ( выпрямителя)8) эл. изолировочная гильза9) камера для работы с радиоактивными веществами10) строит. сегмент ребристого свода11) мн. ч. строит. пустоты в кирпиче или камне12) машиностр. гибкий производственный модуль, ГП-модуль, ГПМ; гибкий автоматизированный участок, ГАУ; ставочный участок13) ячейка памяти14) грозовой очаг, грозовой район ( в зоне полёта)16) полигр. растровая ячейка ( формы глубокой печати)17) пищ. диффузор18) ячейка ( тарный вкладыш)•cell with free diffusion boundaries — ячейка со свободной диффузией на границе жидкостей;cell with liquid junction — ячейка с жидкостным соединением;cell with open liquid junction — ячейка с открытым жидкостным соединением;cell without transference — элемент без переноса;-
polka dot solar cell
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absorbing cell
-
accumulator cell
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acid cell
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Acker cell
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AD cell
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aeration cell
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aftertreatment cell
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agglomerate cell
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air-depolarizing cell
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air-hydrogen fuel cell
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airlift flotation cell
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airproof cell
-
alkali-chlorine cell
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alkaline cell
-
Allen-Moore cell
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aluminum cell
-
amalgam cell
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ammonia-air fuel cell
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amorphous solar cell
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anisotropically etched solar cell
-
aqueous fuel cell
-
arc-heated cell
-
array cell
-
asymmetrical cell
-
automated cell
-
back-emf cell
-
back-surface-field solar cell
-
bag-type cell
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balloon calibrated solar cell
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basket cathode cell
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battery cell
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bearing cell
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Becquerel cell
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bell-jar cell
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bell cell
-
bending part cell
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bifacial solar cell
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Billiter cell
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bimorph cell
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binary cell
-
biomass fuel cell
-
bipolar cell
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bit cell
-
body cell
-
body-centered cubic cell
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border cell
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box cell
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Bragg cell
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brine cell
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bubble cell
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cadmium cell
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carbon cell
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cascade solar cell
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cell of table
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central cell
-
chargeable cell
-
chemical cell
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chlorine cell
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Clark cell
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cleaner cell
-
climatic cell
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closed cell
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close-packed atomic cell
-
color cell
-
combustion cell
-
competent cell
-
complex galvanic cell
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composite cell
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conductivity cell
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consumable-electrode cell
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convection cell
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corrosion cell
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counter electromotive cell
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counter cell
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counting cell
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crown cell
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crystal cell
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data cell
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delay cell
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desalting cell
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detector cell
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diamond cubic unit cell
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diaphragm cell
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diffraction cell
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diffused-junction solar cell
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diffusion cell
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disk stack cell
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Doppler-resolution cell
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drift field solar cell
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driver cell
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dry cell
-
dummy cell
-
dye cell
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ECM cell
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edge-illuminated solar cell
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Edison storage cell
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electrical electrochemical cell
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electric electrochemical cell
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electrical cell
-
electric cell
-
electrochemical machining cell
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electroluminescent cell
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electrolytic cell
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electrowinning cell
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emergency cell
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emission cell
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end cell
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epitaxial solar cell
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exposure cell
-
fabric cell
-
face-centered cubic cell
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faceted solar cell
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Faraday cell
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filter cell
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flat cell
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flotation cell
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flow-through cell
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fluid cooled solar cell
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fluorine cell
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front-surface-field solar cell
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front-wall solar cell
-
froth flotation cell
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fuel cell
-
fuel debottling cell
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fuel handling cell
-
fuel-reprocessing cell
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fused cell
-
galvanic cell
-
gamma-measuring cell
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gas cell
-
graded bandgap solar cell
-
grating-type solar cell
-
group-technology cell
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Hall cell
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heteroface solar cell
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heterojunction solar cell
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high-bandgap solar cell
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high-intensity solar cell
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high-level cell
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high-temperature fuel cell
-
hole matrix vertical junction solar cell
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hole matrix vertical solar cell
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homojunction solar cell
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hot cell
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humidity cell
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hydraulic load cell
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hydrogen cell
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hydrogenerated amorphous silicon solar cell
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indicator cell
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induced-junction solar cell
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integral diode solar cell
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intermediate-level cell
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inversion layer solar cell
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junction solar cell
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Kerr cell
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lattice cell
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lead-acid cell
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lead cell
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lead-zinc cell
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Leclanche cell
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library cell
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light cell
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light-sensitive cell
-
light-switching cell
-
liquid crystal cell
-
liquid junction solar cell
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lithium counterdoped silicon solar cell
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lithium-chlorine cell
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lithium-sulfur cell
-
load cell
-
low-bandgap solar cell
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low-level cell
-
machining cell
-
magnesium cell
-
manufacturing cell
-
master cell
-
matrix solar cell
-
mat-type cell
-
measuring cell
-
memory cell
-
mercury cell
-
minimum manned machining cell
-
monofacial solar cell
-
monolithic solar cell
-
multibandgap solar cell
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multicolor solar cell
-
multielectrode cell
-
multijunction solar cell
-
multilayer solar cell
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multilevel cell
-
multipass absorption cell
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NC cell
-
neoprene fuel cell
-
new fuel storage cell
-
nickel-cadmium cell
-
nickel-iron cell
-
nickel-zinc cell
-
noise cell
-
nonideal solar cell
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normal cell
-
one-device cell
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optimum work cell
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optoelectronic cell
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oxidation-reduction cell
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oxygen cell
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oxygen-hydrogen cell
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oxyhydrogen cell
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painting cell
-
part washing cell
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partially manned machining cell
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parting cell
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permeabilized cell
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petite cell
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photochemical cell
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photoconducting cell
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photoelectric cell
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photoelectrochemical cell
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photoelectrolytical cell
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photoelectrolytic cell
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photoemissive cell
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photogalvanic cell
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photomultiplier cell
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photoresistance cell
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photosensitive cell
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photovoltaic cell
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pickling cell
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piezoelectric cell
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pilot cell
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p-i-n solar cell
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planar solar cell
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plunge cell
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pneumatic cell
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point contact solar cell
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polycrystalline solar cell
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pressure cell
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primary cell
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processing cell
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pump cell
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purification cell
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radar-resolution cell
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radar cell
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radiation hardened solar cell
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range-resolution cell
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rechargeable cell
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rectifying cell
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reference solar cell
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refining cell
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refresh cell
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regenerative fuel cell
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regulator cell
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resolution cell
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resting cell
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retreatment cell
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ribbon solar cell
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robotic work cell
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robot work cell
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robotic cell
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robotic welding cell
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rocking cell
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roll cell
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rotating anode cell
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rotating cathode cell
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Schottky-barrier solar cell
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Schottky solar cell
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sealed cell
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sealed-in cell
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seawater conductivity cell
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secondary cell
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selenium cell
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self-adapting production cell
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self-contained machining cell
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self-refreshing cell
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self-sufficient cell
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semiconductor-electrolyte junction solar cell
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semimanned machining cell
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shadowed solar cell
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sheet solar cell
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sheet-pile cell
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silicon solar cell
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silo cell
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silver-zinc cell
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single manufacturing cell
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single cell
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single junction solar cell
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single-crystalline solar cell
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slot-type cell
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solar cell
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solid-electrolyte cell
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solid-state cell
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space solar cell
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spherical solar cell
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spinning cell
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spray-deposited solar cell
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stacked solar cell
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standard cell
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storage cell
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surface-passivated solar cell
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swarf removing cell
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switching cell
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tandem solar cell
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thermal cell
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thermal conductivity cell
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thermoelectric solar cell
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thermogalvanic cell
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thin-film solar cell
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transfer cell
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tube cell
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twisted nematic type cell
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two-mirror absorption cell
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ultrathin solar cell
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unit cell
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unmanned production cell
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vertical junction solar cell
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vertical solar cell
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V-groove sofar cell
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voltaic cell
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water cell
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wedged channel solar cell
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weighing cell
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welding cell
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Weston standard cell
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Weston cell
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wet cell
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work cell
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wraparound solar cell -
7 cell
1) элемент2) ячейка, сота3) интервал•- assigned cell
- ATM cell
- back-wall photogalvanic cell
- bias cell
- bit cell
- button-rechargeable cell
- cadmium cell
- cadmium-sulfide cell
- central cell
- color cell
- common cell
- conductivity cell
- Crawford cell
- crown cell
- dry cell
- electrical cell
- emergency cell
- fuel cell
- galvanic cell
- hexagonal cell
- high-pressure fuel cell
- idle cell
- incoming cell
- invalid cell
- lead-sulfide cell
- light-sensitive cell
- lithium cell
- local cell
- optoelectronic cell
- outgoing cell
- photoconductive cell
- photoelectric cell
- photoemissive cell
- photomultiplier cell
- photoresistive cell
- photovoltaic cell
- photronic cell
- physical layer cell
- piezoelectric cell
- Pockels cell
- reserved cell
- resolution cell
- resolving cell
- satellite cell
- selenium cell
- shadowed solar cell
- small cell
- solar cell
- storage cell
- thermal cell
- token cell
- transmit-receive cell
- unassigned cell
- valid cell
- voltaic cell
- Westen cadmium cellEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > cell
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8 crown block; cell
Англо-русский словарь по ядерным испытаниям и горному делу > crown block; cell
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9 щелочной сухой элемент
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > щелочной сухой элемент
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10 piston
поршень (рис. 3)
; плунжер (рис. 144,7)
; пистон; шток поршня; ныряло; клапан; нфт. плавающая (понтонная) крыша резервуара
- piston action
- piston-actuated
- piston actuated clutch
- piston-actuated pressure switch
- piston actuator
- piston-air drill
- piston air valve
- piston alloy
- piston-and-valve arrangement
- piston area
- piston attenuator
- piston barrel
- piston base plate
- piston bearing
- piston cam plate
- piston cooling jet
- piston cooling valve
- piston core
- piston crucible growth
- piston cylinder
- piston-cylinder assembly
- piston damper
- piston drill
- piston-face area
- piston force
- piston face
- piston filler
- piston filling machine
- piston flow
- piston follower
- piston groove
- piston hydropneumatic accumulator
- piston-in-cylinder clearance
- piston knocking
- piston-like
- piston manometer
- piston manufacturing line
- piston meter
- piston mirror
- piston motor
- piston nut
- piston oil ring rails
- piston-operated spool valve
- piston operated valve
- piston pin boss
- piston pin circlip
- piston pin drift
- piston pin end cap
- piston pin knock
- piston pin lock ring
- piston pin locking screw
- piston pin set screw
- piston pin with taper bore
- piston play
- piston ported engine
- piston pressure
- piston pressure gage
- piston pressure gauge
- piston puller
- piston pull scale
- piston pump
- piston pump with cam drive
- piston relief valve
- piston-ring carrier
- piston ring casting
- piston-ring clamp
- piston ring expander
- piston ring gap in bore
- piston ring grinding machine
- piston ring groove
- piston ring joint
- piston ring side clearance
- piston ring slot
- piston-ring spreader
- piston ring sticking
- piston-ring tension
- piston-ring width
- piston rod
- piston rod end
- piston scaler
- piston seal
- piston seizure
- piston separator
- piston shoe
- piston side thrust
- piston skirt
- piston skirt clearance
- piston skirt expander
- piston slap
- piston slipper
- piston speed
- piston sticking
- piston stripping
- piston stroke
- piston-suction sampler
- piston supercharger
- piston support washer
- piston-swept volume
- piston throttle
- piston thrust
- piston-to-head clearance
- piston-to-wall clearance
- piston top
- piston travel
- piston-turning lathe
- piston-turning machine
- piston-type compressor
- piston-type damper
- piston-type drill
- piston-type pump
- piston-type relief device
- piston-type unit
- piston valve
- piston valve cylinder
- piston varnish rating
- piston with slipper
- piston with struts
- piston wrench
- buffer piston
- cast piston
- choke piston
- close-fitting piston
- compensating piston
- contact piston
- contractor piston
- control piston
- dividing piston
- dome-head piston
- double-acting piston
- dual area piston
- flat-crown piston
- forged piston
- free piston
- ground-in piston
- high-pressure piston
- hollow piston
- hammer piston
- intensifier piston
- intermediate piston
- lubricator piston
- magnetic piston
- mud piston
- operating piston
- pent crown piston
- plunger piston
- pot-type piston
- pressure piston
- pump piston
- raised-crown piston
- ramming piston
- reaction piston
- reciprocating piston
- ribbed piston
- rotary piston
- rubber piston
- sand piston
- secondary piston
- seized piston
- seizing of piston rings
- separating piston
- shock absorber piston
- short-circuiting piston
- single-rod piston
- skeleton-skirt piston
- slack piston
- sliding piston
- slipper piston
- slit-skirt piston
- solid piston
- spherical head piston
- split piston
- split skirt piston
- standard piston
- steel piston
- steel-belted piston
- steel-strut piston
- step-head piston
- step piston
- stepped piston
- sticking of piston rings
- stock piston
- strut-type piston
- supported piston
- suspended piston
- T-slot piston
- trunk piston
- trunk-type piston
- two-diameter piston
- two-piece piston
- U-slot piston
- unsuspended piston
- valve piston
- vertical slot piston
- waveguide piston -
11 culture
axenic culture — аксенная [стерильная] культура
callus culture — каллусная культура, культура каллуса
cell culture — культура клеток, клеточная культура
embryo culture — культура зародышей, эмбриокультура
flask culture — культура, выращиваемая в колбе
growing culture — растущая [размножающаяся] культура
high density culture — культура с высокой густотой [плотностью] посева
maintaining culture — культура для поддержания (роста клеток, тканей)
monolayer culture — монослойная [однослойная] культура
nurse culture — культура-«нянька»
resistant culture — резистентная [устойчивая] культура
sister cultures — сестринские [параллельные] культуры
submerged culture — погружённая [глубинная] культура
suspended cell culture — культура ткани из суспендированных клеток, суспендированная культура клеток
Англо-русский терминологический перечень по культуре тканей растений > culture
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12 BC
1) Общая лексика: год до нашей эры (AD ставится перед датой (AD64), BC - после (300BC); при указании столетия и то и другое идет после числительного (second century AD, fourth century BC))2) Компьютерная техника: Basic Component, Big Calculator3) Американизм: Bear Conservation, Before Carter, Before Castro4) Спорт: Bells Cup, Boys Crown5) Военный термин: Battle Command, Berlin Command, Bomber Command, Boundless Courage, Budget Committee, barrel coating, base command, battery charger, battery commander, bayonet cap, biological and chemical, blasting cap, body count, broadcast control, bursting charge, КБ (battery commander; командир батареи)6) Техника: Bachelor of Chemistry, Board of Control, backspace character, backward channel, barrier capacitance, base collector, basic control mode, beam collimator, beginning of cycle, benign contamination, bias current, bipolar cell, bistable circuit, boundary condition, branch chief, brightness control, broadcast band, broadcasting station, buried channel, buried collector, bus connection, bus controller, bypass circuit, обозначение для выводов, соединённых с цокольным экраном, обозначение для радиовещательных станций7) Шутливое выражение: Before Children, Before Clinton, Bring Cash, Bring Cash-"привози деньги" (British Columbia's nickname due to its high cost of living)8) Химия: Bond Centered, Boron Carbide9) Религия: Baptist Church, Blessed Child10) Метеорология: Bloody Cold11) Юридический термин: Blood Clan12) Бухгалтерия: Be Compta, Before Credit, Budget Constraint, Buying Criteria13) Автомобильный термин: blower control14) Грубое выражение: Beyond Crap, Bull Crap15) Политика: Botswana16) Телекоммуникации: Committed Burst Size, (bearer capability) способность переноса17) Сокращение: Bankruptcy Court, Barcode, Battlecars, Benefit Cost, Bobbin Core, British Commonwealth and Foreign Parcel Office (UK, was I&FPP), back-connected, barge, cargo, barium crown, barrier coat, bell cord, between centers, binary counter, bolt circle, bookcase, bottom chord, broadcasting satellite, before Christ, birth certificate, blood culture18) Университет: Bernhard Center, Boston College19) Физиология: Back Care, Birth Control Pills, Bovine Cortex20) Электроника: Bias Contrast21) Вычислительная техника: binary code, byte computer22) Литература: Ballot Counter23) Нефть: Building Code, barrels of condensate, bottom choke, broken cone, баррелей конденсата (число, barrels of condensate), забойный штуцер (bottom choke)24) Онкология: Breast Cancer25) Картография: Bristol Channel, British Columbia26) Банковское дело: банковский клиринг (bank clearing), вексель (bill of collection), безналичные расчёты между банками (bank clearing)27) Транспорт: Battery Check, Blind Courtesy, Buoyancy Compensator28) Пищевая промышленность: Beautiful Coconut, Butt Cheese29) Фирменный знак: Bechtel Corporation, Building And Construction30) СМИ: Before Cable31) Деловая лексика: Blind Copy, Business Center, Business Confidence, Business Copy, business company, коммерческая компания32) Образование: Be Compassionate, Book Club, Колледж Барнарда, Барнард Колледж (Один из колледжей Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк))33) Инвестиции: bank clearing, bill of collection34) Сетевые технологии: Burst Committed, broadcast channel35) Полимеры: bowing curvature, bulk cargo36) Автоматика: below center37) Ядерная физика: Breeding Gain38) Океанография: Boundary Current39) Авиационная медицина: bone conduction40) SAP.тех. тайная копия41) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) Bearden's consistency unit = единица консистенции (цементного раствора) Бирдена (стандартная единица по стандарту API)42) Яхтенный спорт: Block Coefficient43) Электротехника: balanced current, bare copper, base connection, break contact, breaking capacity, buffer cell, bus clock44) Молекулярная биология: бактериальная целлюлоза, Bacterial Cellulose45) Чат: Before Coffee46) Правительство: Bat Cave, Big Country, Bighorn Canyon47) NYSE. Brunswick Corporation48) Единицы измерений: Before Christmas49) Альпинизм: base camp -
13 Bc
1) Общая лексика: год до нашей эры (AD ставится перед датой (AD64), BC - после (300BC); при указании столетия и то и другое идет после числительного (second century AD, fourth century BC))2) Компьютерная техника: Basic Component, Big Calculator3) Американизм: Bear Conservation, Before Carter, Before Castro4) Спорт: Bells Cup, Boys Crown5) Военный термин: Battle Command, Berlin Command, Bomber Command, Boundless Courage, Budget Committee, barrel coating, base command, battery charger, battery commander, bayonet cap, biological and chemical, blasting cap, body count, broadcast control, bursting charge, КБ (battery commander; командир батареи)6) Техника: Bachelor of Chemistry, Board of Control, backspace character, backward channel, barrier capacitance, base collector, basic control mode, beam collimator, beginning of cycle, benign contamination, bias current, bipolar cell, bistable circuit, boundary condition, branch chief, brightness control, broadcast band, broadcasting station, buried channel, buried collector, bus connection, bus controller, bypass circuit, обозначение для выводов, соединённых с цокольным экраном, обозначение для радиовещательных станций7) Шутливое выражение: Before Children, Before Clinton, Bring Cash, Bring Cash-"привози деньги" (British Columbia's nickname due to its high cost of living)8) Химия: Bond Centered, Boron Carbide9) Религия: Baptist Church, Blessed Child10) Метеорология: Bloody Cold11) Юридический термин: Blood Clan12) Бухгалтерия: Be Compta, Before Credit, Budget Constraint, Buying Criteria13) Автомобильный термин: blower control14) Грубое выражение: Beyond Crap, Bull Crap15) Политика: Botswana16) Телекоммуникации: Committed Burst Size, (bearer capability) способность переноса17) Сокращение: Bankruptcy Court, Barcode, Battlecars, Benefit Cost, Bobbin Core, British Commonwealth and Foreign Parcel Office (UK, was I&FPP), back-connected, barge, cargo, barium crown, barrier coat, bell cord, between centers, binary counter, bolt circle, bookcase, bottom chord, broadcasting satellite, before Christ, birth certificate, blood culture18) Университет: Bernhard Center, Boston College19) Физиология: Back Care, Birth Control Pills, Bovine Cortex20) Электроника: Bias Contrast21) Вычислительная техника: binary code, byte computer22) Литература: Ballot Counter23) Нефть: Building Code, barrels of condensate, bottom choke, broken cone, баррелей конденсата (число, barrels of condensate), забойный штуцер (bottom choke)24) Онкология: Breast Cancer25) Картография: Bristol Channel, British Columbia26) Банковское дело: банковский клиринг (bank clearing), вексель (bill of collection), безналичные расчёты между банками (bank clearing)27) Транспорт: Battery Check, Blind Courtesy, Buoyancy Compensator28) Пищевая промышленность: Beautiful Coconut, Butt Cheese29) Фирменный знак: Bechtel Corporation, Building And Construction30) СМИ: Before Cable31) Деловая лексика: Blind Copy, Business Center, Business Confidence, Business Copy, business company, коммерческая компания32) Образование: Be Compassionate, Book Club, Колледж Барнарда, Барнард Колледж (Один из колледжей Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк))33) Инвестиции: bank clearing, bill of collection34) Сетевые технологии: Burst Committed, broadcast channel35) Полимеры: bowing curvature, bulk cargo36) Автоматика: below center37) Ядерная физика: Breeding Gain38) Океанография: Boundary Current39) Авиационная медицина: bone conduction40) SAP.тех. тайная копия41) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) Bearden's consistency unit = единица консистенции (цементного раствора) Бирдена (стандартная единица по стандарту API)42) Яхтенный спорт: Block Coefficient43) Электротехника: balanced current, bare copper, base connection, break contact, breaking capacity, buffer cell, bus clock44) Молекулярная биология: бактериальная целлюлоза, Bacterial Cellulose45) Чат: Before Coffee46) Правительство: Bat Cave, Big Country, Bighorn Canyon47) NYSE. Brunswick Corporation48) Единицы измерений: Before Christmas49) Альпинизм: base camp -
14 bc
1) Общая лексика: год до нашей эры (AD ставится перед датой (AD64), BC - после (300BC); при указании столетия и то и другое идет после числительного (second century AD, fourth century BC))2) Компьютерная техника: Basic Component, Big Calculator3) Американизм: Bear Conservation, Before Carter, Before Castro4) Спорт: Bells Cup, Boys Crown5) Военный термин: Battle Command, Berlin Command, Bomber Command, Boundless Courage, Budget Committee, barrel coating, base command, battery charger, battery commander, bayonet cap, biological and chemical, blasting cap, body count, broadcast control, bursting charge, КБ (battery commander; командир батареи)6) Техника: Bachelor of Chemistry, Board of Control, backspace character, backward channel, barrier capacitance, base collector, basic control mode, beam collimator, beginning of cycle, benign contamination, bias current, bipolar cell, bistable circuit, boundary condition, branch chief, brightness control, broadcast band, broadcasting station, buried channel, buried collector, bus connection, bus controller, bypass circuit, обозначение для выводов, соединённых с цокольным экраном, обозначение для радиовещательных станций7) Шутливое выражение: Before Children, Before Clinton, Bring Cash, Bring Cash-"привози деньги" (British Columbia's nickname due to its high cost of living)8) Химия: Bond Centered, Boron Carbide9) Религия: Baptist Church, Blessed Child10) Метеорология: Bloody Cold11) Юридический термин: Blood Clan12) Бухгалтерия: Be Compta, Before Credit, Budget Constraint, Buying Criteria13) Автомобильный термин: blower control14) Грубое выражение: Beyond Crap, Bull Crap15) Политика: Botswana16) Телекоммуникации: Committed Burst Size, (bearer capability) способность переноса17) Сокращение: Bankruptcy Court, Barcode, Battlecars, Benefit Cost, Bobbin Core, British Commonwealth and Foreign Parcel Office (UK, was I&FPP), back-connected, barge, cargo, barium crown, barrier coat, bell cord, between centers, binary counter, bolt circle, bookcase, bottom chord, broadcasting satellite, before Christ, birth certificate, blood culture18) Университет: Bernhard Center, Boston College19) Физиология: Back Care, Birth Control Pills, Bovine Cortex20) Электроника: Bias Contrast21) Вычислительная техника: binary code, byte computer22) Литература: Ballot Counter23) Нефть: Building Code, barrels of condensate, bottom choke, broken cone, баррелей конденсата (число, barrels of condensate), забойный штуцер (bottom choke)24) Онкология: Breast Cancer25) Картография: Bristol Channel, British Columbia26) Банковское дело: банковский клиринг (bank clearing), вексель (bill of collection), безналичные расчёты между банками (bank clearing)27) Транспорт: Battery Check, Blind Courtesy, Buoyancy Compensator28) Пищевая промышленность: Beautiful Coconut, Butt Cheese29) Фирменный знак: Bechtel Corporation, Building And Construction30) СМИ: Before Cable31) Деловая лексика: Blind Copy, Business Center, Business Confidence, Business Copy, business company, коммерческая компания32) Образование: Be Compassionate, Book Club, Колледж Барнарда, Барнард Колледж (Один из колледжей Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк))33) Инвестиции: bank clearing, bill of collection34) Сетевые технологии: Burst Committed, broadcast channel35) Полимеры: bowing curvature, bulk cargo36) Автоматика: below center37) Ядерная физика: Breeding Gain38) Океанография: Boundary Current39) Авиационная медицина: bone conduction40) SAP.тех. тайная копия41) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) Bearden's consistency unit = единица консистенции (цементного раствора) Бирдена (стандартная единица по стандарту API)42) Яхтенный спорт: Block Coefficient43) Электротехника: balanced current, bare copper, base connection, break contact, breaking capacity, buffer cell, bus clock44) Молекулярная биология: бактериальная целлюлоза, Bacterial Cellulose45) Чат: Before Coffee46) Правительство: Bat Cave, Big Country, Bighorn Canyon47) NYSE. Brunswick Corporation48) Единицы измерений: Before Christmas49) Альпинизм: base camp -
15 CRL
1) Компьютерная техника: Common Representation Language2) Биология: cell repository line3) Медицина: crown rump length4) Военный термин: crew research laboratory, customer requirements list5) Техника: cylinder number for relocatable library6) Химия: Calcium Rust And Lime7) Железнодорожный термин: Chicago Rail Link8) Юридический термин: Contractors Registration Law9) Ветеринария: Crown To Rump Length10) Сокращение: Chemical Research Laboratory, Civil Rights Law, Common Rail Launcher, Compact Refractive Lens, Compania de Responsabilidad Limitada (Venezuela), Contingency Rear Link, Certificate Revocation List11) Университет: Computer Research Laboratory12) Вычислительная техника: Certificate Revocation Lists, Compile-time Reconfigurable Logic (RL)13) Акушерство: crown-rump length (копчиково-теменной размер (плода))14) Иммунология: complement receptor lymphocyte CЗR[up +]-лимфoцит15) Космонавтика: Communication Research Laboratory (Japan)16) Фирменный знак: Communications Research Laboratory, Computer Rentals Ltd17) Деловая лексика: Consumer Retail List18) Сетевые технологии: Critical Resource List19) Химическое оружие: central relations plan20) Макаров: complement receptor lymphocyte21) Электротехника: control relay latch22) Майкрософт: список отзыва сертификатов23) Должность: Certified Registered Locksmith24) Аэропорты: Brussels South Airport, Brussels, Belgium -
16 crl
1) Компьютерная техника: Common Representation Language2) Биология: cell repository line3) Медицина: crown rump length4) Военный термин: crew research laboratory, customer requirements list5) Техника: cylinder number for relocatable library6) Химия: Calcium Rust And Lime7) Железнодорожный термин: Chicago Rail Link8) Юридический термин: Contractors Registration Law9) Ветеринария: Crown To Rump Length10) Сокращение: Chemical Research Laboratory, Civil Rights Law, Common Rail Launcher, Compact Refractive Lens, Compania de Responsabilidad Limitada (Venezuela), Contingency Rear Link, Certificate Revocation List11) Университет: Computer Research Laboratory12) Вычислительная техника: Certificate Revocation Lists, Compile-time Reconfigurable Logic (RL)13) Акушерство: crown-rump length (копчиково-теменной размер (плода))14) Иммунология: complement receptor lymphocyte CЗR[up +]-лимфoцит15) Космонавтика: Communication Research Laboratory (Japan)16) Фирменный знак: Communications Research Laboratory, Computer Rentals Ltd17) Деловая лексика: Consumer Retail List18) Сетевые технологии: Critical Resource List19) Химическое оружие: central relations plan20) Макаров: complement receptor lymphocyte21) Электротехника: control relay latch22) Майкрософт: список отзыва сертификатов23) Должность: Certified Registered Locksmith24) Аэропорты: Brussels South Airport, Brussels, Belgium -
17 CLP
1) Компьютерная техника: Color Laser Printer, Courteous Logic Program2) Авиация: control law processor3) Военный термин: Certified Logistics Professional, Clean Lubricate Protect, Cleaner Lubrication Preservative4) Шутливое выражение: Compulsive Lying Party5) Химия: классификация, маркировка и упаковка7) Телекоммуникации: Cell Loss Priority (CLP Bit)8) Электроника: Windows Clipboard image format9) Вычислительная техника: Cell Loss Priority (UNI, ATM, CLR)10) Нефть: critical lift permit11) Стоматология: crown lengthening procedure12) Онкология: Common Lymphoid Progenitor13) Банковское дело: чилийское песо (Chilean peso)15) Фирменный знак: China Light And Power16) Образование: Collaborative Learning Project, Continuously Learning Professional17) Инвестиции: Chilean peso18) Сетевые технологии: Communications Linking Protocol, приоритет потери элемента данных19) Химическое оружие: cleaner, lubricant, & preservative, contract laboratory program20) Расширение файла: Cell Loss Priority, Clip art Bitmap graphics, Constraint Logic Programming, Windows 3. x Clipboard file, Graphic format (PCPAINT/Pictor), Windows clipboard save file21) Электротехника: INS clamp insulation22) Должность: Certified Life ( insurance) Planner23) NYSE. Colonial Properties Trust24) Аэропорты: Clarks Point, Alaska USA -
18 FACS
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter2) Компьютерная техника: Formal Aspects Of Corba Systems3) Американизм: Facility Administration Control System4) Военный термин: Field Automated Communication System, field army communications system, forward air control section, fourth-generation advanced computer system5) Техника: fleet acoustic communications system6) Бухгалтерия: Financial Activity Control System7) Телекоммуникации: Facility Assignment and Control System8) Сокращение: Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, Frame and Cable System (telecom)9) Университет: Formal Aspects Of Computing Science10) Физиология: Facial Action Coding System11) Вычислительная техника: Firmware ACPI Control Structure (ACPI)12) Иммунология: Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting, fluorescent-activated cell sorter13) Тератология: Фетогидантоиновый синдром (Foetal Anti-Convulsant Syndrome, FACS - пороки развития у плода, обусловленные принятием противоэпилептических/противосудорожных препаратов во время беременности)14) Нефтегазовая техника (floor and crown block saver) Противозатаскиватель15) Образование: Financial Accounting Control Systems16) Сетевые технологии: facsimile, факсимильная связь17) Контроль качества: Failure Analysis and Control System18) Общественная организация: Family And Childrens Services19) Должность: Family And Consumer Science, Family And Consumer Sciences -
19 clp
1) Компьютерная техника: Color Laser Printer, Courteous Logic Program2) Авиация: control law processor3) Военный термин: Certified Logistics Professional, Clean Lubricate Protect, Cleaner Lubrication Preservative4) Шутливое выражение: Compulsive Lying Party5) Химия: классификация, маркировка и упаковка7) Телекоммуникации: Cell Loss Priority (CLP Bit)8) Электроника: Windows Clipboard image format9) Вычислительная техника: Cell Loss Priority (UNI, ATM, CLR)10) Нефть: critical lift permit11) Стоматология: crown lengthening procedure12) Онкология: Common Lymphoid Progenitor13) Банковское дело: чилийское песо (Chilean peso)15) Фирменный знак: China Light And Power16) Образование: Collaborative Learning Project, Continuously Learning Professional17) Инвестиции: Chilean peso18) Сетевые технологии: Communications Linking Protocol, приоритет потери элемента данных19) Химическое оружие: cleaner, lubricant, & preservative, contract laboratory program20) Расширение файла: Cell Loss Priority, Clip art Bitmap graphics, Constraint Logic Programming, Windows 3. x Clipboard file, Graphic format (PCPAINT/Pictor), Windows clipboard save file21) Электротехника: INS clamp insulation22) Должность: Certified Life ( insurance) Planner23) NYSE. Colonial Properties Trust24) Аэропорты: Clarks Point, Alaska USA -
20 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.————————————————————————————————————————
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